
Two guiding ideas were developed during this conference:
1- The genesis of modern Western Europe from the 16th century.
- The exemplary case of Amsterdam and the Netherlands in the 17th century as a laboratory of European modernity.
- The emergence of the nation-state and the power of cities, the development of religious liberalism, the preponderance of a mercantile culture.
- The culture of innovation and progress (technical and social).
2- The position of Europe and the European Union in globalization.
- European expansion in the modern era, transition from the Mediterranean economy to the Atlantic and global economy.
- Competition with the Far East (China) and the great divergence at the beginning of the 19th century.
- The European Union in contemporary globalization.